{"id":812,"date":"2010-11-12T13:13:40","date_gmt":"2010-11-12T11:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/?p=812"},"modified":"2015-08-31T13:15:13","modified_gmt":"2015-08-31T11:15:13","slug":"patron-hasicu-svaty-florian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/2010\/11\/12\/patron-hasicu-svaty-florian\/","title":{"rendered":"Patron hasi\u010d\u016f svat\u00fd Flori\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"
Flori\u00e1n\u016fv \u017eivot<\/b><\/div>\n
\"sv_florian\"<\/a>Datum narozen\u00ed Flori\u00e1na se nepoda\u0159ilo zjistit. Byl pok\u0159t\u011bn a vychov\u00e1n k\u0159es\u0165ansky. Po n\u011bkolika letech slu\u017eby d\u016fstojn\u00edka vojska se stal \u0161\u00e9fem kancl\u00e9\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00edho<\/div>\n
\u00a0v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m \u00a0Laurinku, co\u017e je dne\u0161n\u00ed Lorch u Ennsu v Horn\u00edm Rakousku. Aquilinus dal p\u0159\u00edkaz sv\u00e9mu nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu spolupracovn\u00edku Flori\u00e1novi, aby ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f propustil v\u0161echny k\u0159es\u0165any. Flori\u00e1n to necht\u011bl ud\u011blat, vystoupil z jeho slu\u017eeb. Kdy\u017e se doslechl, \u017ee v cel\u00e9 provincii jsou jeho souv\u011brci zat\u00fdk\u00e1ni a \u017eal\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1ni, rozhodl se, \u017ee se vyd\u00e1 za nimi, aby je povzbudil. \u00dadajn\u011b dokonce osnoval jejich tajn\u00e9 osvobozen\u00ed. P\u0159i pokusu dostat se do \u017eal\u00e1\u0159e byl v\u0161ak zat\u010den a p\u0159edveden p\u0159ed m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00edho Akqilina, sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159edstaven\u00e9ho. Nejprve jej m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sesadil z funkce a vy\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed soudce jej pak nechal krut\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem mu\u010dit. Flori\u00e1n odol\u00e1val p\u0159emlouv\u00e1n\u00ed i v\u00fdhru\u017ek\u00e1m a nezlomilo ho ani mu\u010den\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Flori\u00e1n odm\u00edtl ob\u011btovat Bohu a ani nebyl ochoten odp\u0159\u00eds\u00e1hnout zap\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edry, byl jako k\u0159es\u0165an odsouzen c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm spr\u00e1vcem ke smrti utopen\u00edm. Soud nevzal ohledy na jeho z\u00e1sluhy v arm\u00e1d\u011b, ani jeho bez\u00fahonn\u00fd \u017eivot a vydal ho do rukou kat\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mu p\u0159iv\u00e1zali na krk ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd k\u00e1men a nechali ho svrhnout z mostu do \u0159eky ( byl to tehdej\u0161\u00ed obvykl\u00fd zp\u016fsob poprav).<\/div>\n
S ml\u00fdnsk\u00fdm kamenem na krku st\u00e1l pr\u00fd dlouho na most\u011b p\u0159es \u0159eku Em\u017ei u \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 pevnosti Laureacum . Legion\u00e1\u0159i odm\u00edtali vykonat rozsudek, svrhnout velitele do \u0159eky. Nakonec p\u0159ib\u011bhl jak\u00fdsi ciz\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk surov\u011b do odsouzence vrazil a shodil ho z mostu.<\/div>\n
Legenda<\/b> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Flori\u00e1novo mrtv\u00e9 t\u011blo bylo vyplaveno na skalku a tam ho hl\u00eddal orel, aby ho nemohli pohan\u00e9 zhanobit. Tam ho nalezla a na sv\u00e9m statku poh\u0159bila odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 vdova Valerie z Lince, dnes zde stoj\u00ed m\u011bsto St. Florian. Jin\u00e1 historick\u00e1 zm\u00ednka prav\u00ed, \u017ee vdova Valerie objevila t\u011blo mrtv\u00e9ho a nechala ho poh\u0159b\u00edt na tajn\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f. Je to bukov\u00fd les v bl\u00edzkosti dne\u0161n\u00edho Marck St. Florian. Pro svou mu\u010dednickou smrt byl pak prohl\u00e1\u0161en za svat\u00e9ho. Ji\u017e v \u0161est\u00e9m stolet\u00ed vznikl v Lorchu kl\u00e1\u0161ter s kostelem St. Florian.<\/div>\n
Kde se dnes ostatky sv. Flori\u00e1na nach\u00e1zej\u00ed, nen\u00ed objasn\u011bno. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bji je to katedr\u00e1la v Krakov\u011b. Kostel sv. Flori\u00e1na v Krakov\u011b spravoval v letech 1949 a\u017e 1951 vik\u00e1\u0159 Karol Wojtyla, zesnul\u00fd pape\u017e Jan Pavel II. V obrazov\u00e9 publikaci Star\u00fd Krak\u00f3w (1991) byl nalezen obraz interi\u00e9ru tamn\u00edho kostela sv. Flori\u00e1na s pozn\u00e1mkou o tom, \u017ee tento sv\u011btec je prvn\u00edm patronem m\u011bsta a jeho ostatky \u017ee byly p\u0159evezeny do Polska v roce 1184. Kult sv. Flori\u00e1na v Polsku je siln\u00fd a je sv\u00e1z\u00e1n s velk\u00fdm po\u017e\u00e1rem Krakova v roce 1528, kdy navzdory ni\u010div\u00e9mu \u017eivlu z\u016fstal ochr\u00e1n\u011bn kostel na Kleparzu, ve kter\u00e9m se nach\u00e1zely relikvie sv. Flori\u00e1na. V \u0158\u00edm\u011b sv\u011btce uct\u00edvali jako ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159ed represemi, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b ztr\u00e1cely na intenzit\u011b. Mali\u010dk\u00e9 kousky Flori\u00e1nov\u00fdch ostatk\u016f m\u011bli chr\u00e1nit m\u011bsta p\u0159ed ni\u010div\u00fdmi po\u017e\u00e1ry.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Patronem od st\u0159edov\u011bku<\/b><\/div>\n
Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku se sv. Flori\u00e1n v lidov\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed stal ochr\u00e1ncem p\u0159ed velkou vodou i p\u0159ed suchem, p\u0159i ne\u00farod\u011b pol\u00ed, proti bou\u0159i a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ohn\u011b (pro svou smrt ve vod\u011b). N\u011bkter\u00e1 literatura uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jako mal\u00fd chlapec zachr\u00e1nil svou modlitbou ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fm (nebo podle jin\u00e9 legendy uhasil v kritick\u00e9 chv\u00edli ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fm jedin\u00fdm v\u011bdrem vody a zabr\u00e1nil tak velk\u00e9mu ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed).<\/div>\n
Zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed legenda se v\u00e1\u017ee k uhl\u00ed\u0159i, kter\u00fd upadl do ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edho, v\u011btrem odkryt\u00e9ho mil\u00ed\u0159e a vyz\u00fdvav\u011b sv\u011btce byl p\u0159\u00edmluvou zachr\u00e1n\u011bn, co\u017e dalo podn\u011bt k nov\u00e9mu uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Flori\u00e1na jako patrona proti ohni. Mimo hasi\u010d\u016f je tak\u00e9 patronem zedn\u00edk\u016f, komin\u00edk\u016f, sl\u00e1dk\u016f, bedn\u00e1\u0159\u016f, hrn\u010d\u00ed\u0159\u016f, kov\u00e1\u0159\u016f, mydl\u00e1\u0159\u016f a v\u0161ech kdo pracuj\u00ed s ohn\u011bm; je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159i sp\u00e1lenin\u00e1ch.<\/div>\n
Flori\u00e1n je v po\u010de\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b Kv\u011btoslav nebo Kv\u011bto\u0161. Z\u00e1kladem jm\u00e9na je latinsk\u00e9 Florianus, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze slova florere – kv\u00e9st.<\/div>\n
Zobrazov\u00e1n b\u00fdv\u00e1 jako voj\u00e1k (od doby renesance v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd, ale d\u0159\u00edve i ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m brn\u011bn\u00ed), \u010dasto s kop\u00edm nebo korouhv\u00ed v ruce, se d\u017eberem (putnou), z n\u011bho\u017e vyl\u00e9v\u00e1 vodu a has\u00ed ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fm (hrad). Toto zobrazen\u00ed je naprosto typick\u00e9. Jen ve zcela ran\u00e9 dob\u011b byl n\u011bkdy zn\u00e1zor\u0148ov\u00e1n jako sta\u0159ec, nap\u0159. na fresce ze 12. stolet\u00ed v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e Nonnberg v Salcburku. Asi od 13. stolet\u00ed je Flori\u00e1na vid\u011bt u\u017e jen jako mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee.<\/div>\n
N\u011bkdy se na v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch projevech jako atribut objevuje tak\u00e9 ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd k\u00e1men, kter\u00fd poukazuje na jeho mu\u010dednictv\u00ed (ml\u00fdnsk\u00fd k\u00e1men s n\u00edm\u017e byl Flori\u00e1n utopen je dnes ulo\u017een v krypt\u011b kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edho kostela),.<\/div>\n
So\u0161ky sv\u011btc\u016f se um\u00eds\u0165ovaly ve v\u00fdklenc\u00edch domovn\u00edch \u0161t\u00edt\u016f, v\u00fdjezd\u016f a vrat, kde zast\u00e1valy funkci ochr\u00e1nce domu p\u0159ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi osobami. Nej\u010dast\u011bji mezi svat\u00fdmi se objevuj\u00ed sv. Flori\u00e1n a sv. Jan Nepomuck\u00fd, jako ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159ed ohn\u011bm a vodou. Ve sv\u011btnic\u00edch st\u00e1valy na pr\u00e1deln\u00edc\u00edch spolu s nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi rodinn\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami. B\u00fdvaly omalov\u00e1ny olejov\u00fdmi barvami.<\/div>\n
V \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch se uct\u00edvali sv\u011btci ve spojitosti s ochranou p\u0159ed ohn\u011bm: sv. Vav\u0159inece, sv. H\u00e1tu, Pannu Marii Hromnickou, sv. Jana Buriana, sv. Don\u00e1ta ad.<\/div>\n
Po vzniku habsbursk\u00e9 monarchie pronikl k n\u00e1m kult sv. Flori\u00e1na, kter\u00fd se stal patronem zedn\u00edk\u016f, komin\u00edk\u016f, ochr\u00e1nce m\u011bst. V polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed po p\u00e1du Bachova absolutismu, kdy za\u010daly vznikat sbory dobrovoln\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f, p\u0159ijaly stejn\u011b jako hasi\u010di rakou\u0161t\u00ed sv\u00e9ho patrona sv. Flori\u00e1na. Se jm\u00e9nem sv\u011btce jsou spojov\u00e1ny sout\u011b\u017ee, pochopiteln\u011b se objevuje na hasi\u010dsk\u00fdch praporech a v dal\u0161\u00ed hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 symbolice jako odznaky sbor\u016f, v n\u00e1zvoslov\u00ed sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed, jako sou\u010d\u00e1st trval\u00e9 v\u00fdzdoby shroma\u017e\u010fovac\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed. Symbolika sv. Flori\u00e1na pronikla cel\u00fdm \u017eivotem a prac\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch hasi\u010d\u016f.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u0158\u00e1d sv. Flori\u00e1na je jedn\u00edm z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed a ud\u011bluje se \u010dlen\u016fm a organiza\u010dn\u00edm jednotk\u00e1m SH \u010cMS za mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. P\u0159ed 17 stolet\u00edmi byl umu\u010den – pot\u00e9 se stal patronem hasi\u010d\u016f. V roce 2005 uplynulo 1700 let od mu\u010dednick\u00e9 smrti Sv. Flori\u00e1na, lidov\u00e9ho sv\u011btce a patrona hasi\u010d\u016f .<\/b><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Flori\u00e1n\u016fv \u017eivot Datum narozen\u00ed Flori\u00e1na se nepoda\u0159ilo zjistit. Byl pok\u0159t\u011bn a vychov\u00e1n k\u0159es\u0165ansky. Po n\u011bkolika letech slu\u017eby d\u016fstojn\u00edka vojska se stal \u0161\u00e9fem kancl\u00e9\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho m\u00edstodr\u017e\u00edc\u00edho \u00a0v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m \u00a0Laurinku, co\u017e je dne\u0161n\u00ed Lorch u Ennsu v Horn\u00edm Rakousku. Aquilinus dal p\u0159\u00edkaz sv\u00e9mu nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu spolupracovn\u00edku Flori\u00e1novi, aby ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f propustil v\u0161echny k\u0159es\u0165any. Flori\u00e1n to necht\u011bl ud\u011blat, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vite-ze"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/sv_florian.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p91NNl-d6","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=812"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":815,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions\/815"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.obeczubri.cz\/hasici\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}